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Are historians criticisms of Lawrence Stones three-phase model of the English family justified Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Concern is raised about declining marriage and fertility rates, increased rates of de facto marriage, divorce and lone-parent families, and increased rates of female workforce participation. It is argued that these changes in family life have weakened family bonds and the quality of relationships within families. This in turn is thought to threaten community (Fukuyama 1996: quoted in The Age, 2001). The society of Early Modern age consisted of three classes i. e. nobility, bourgeoisie and peasantry. Nobility was the privileged stratum, while bourgeoisie belonged to the merchants and traders of the middle classes. The peasants made the lower class of society. Early modern era was a very fertile period in respect of education and learning, and for art and literature; art was for moral values, not for the sake of art and the code of puritan ethics was strictly followed. There was harmony in society and education was given priority for the children. Campbell states: The period saw the spread of the printing press and the development of a widespread print culture. This was in the form of government documents like circulars and tax notices, a massive republication of the classical texts for schooling and universities, books on manners, learned books, lives of saints, broadsheets, ballads, and folktales dealing with all manner of subjects from chivalric romances to stories about demons and devils. We will write a custom essay sample on Are historians' criticisms of Lawrence Stone's three-phase model of the English family justified or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now A gradual shift away from an exclusively oral culture to one that combined morality and literacy took place, and this produced changes in patterns of thought towards more formal structures. (Campbell, 2001) The family life before the Industrial Revolution is thought to be simple and contented with affluent affection and strong ties among the members of the family. There was patriarchal family system where the husband/father used to be the head and was considered the authority appointed by the will of the Heavens to look after his family. He was the responsible for providing food, clothes, shelter and protection to his family. Women and children, during that era, were subservient to him and seldom took independent decisions about their life as they revolt and demand freedom in modern world of today. Mothers were compassionate and caring to the children, and they contained special concerns regarding home and family. Thorn comments on Stone’s portrayal of the society of early modern times as following: Since Lawrence Stones The Family, Sex, and Marriage, 1500-1800, eighteenth-century family history has burgeoned as a field, with many of the assertions most closely associated with Stone--such as the claims that the long eighteenth century saw the advent of the companionate marriage, affective individualism, sentimental motherhood, and reverence for childhood--receiving corroboration and contestation alike.

The Themes Of Totalitarianism In George Orwells 1984

The purpose of government is to promote order while still maintaining personal freedoms. In todays United States, the government implements laws to promote order while still protecting the freedoms of individuals. Americans are not allowed to drive whenever and however they please because there are restrictions on our actions. With these laws, people are still trusted and given the privacy for private acts. Furthermore, George Orwell models a government who consistently abuse their power in society. The theme of totalitarianism is consistent throughout 1984, and creates a society filled with fear and discipline. Big Brother is seen as a Leviathan throughout Oceania’s community, and this all-powerful being determines the lives and well†¦show more content†¦No bond of love is as powerful as the love of Big Brother. By the end of the book is is made obvious that the Party aims to proves that no bond is stronger than the government, so they torture Winston and julia into breaking their bond and confessing to the Party. The Party is dominant over all, and has created organizations to support their control. There is a strong anti-sex league whose purpose is to take away from the pleasure of sex, and push woman to swear to celibacy. With celibacy, the Party asserts the idea that sex is antiquated, and merely a perfunctory act. â€Å"The only recognized purpose of marriage was to beget children for the service of the Party† (). Part of marriage is sex, and having kids through the want and love for them. The Party is taking all personal feeling out of reproduction and children. They have made it into something that people feel they have to do for the Party, not something because of emotional desire. They have completely taken love out of marriage and preemptively stopped the bond of love from forming between individuals. The simple act of buying a book is seen as a major defiance of the Thought Police and Big Brother because of its symbolization of the free mind, the making of individuals histories. Winston is making his own history as he writes his diary. Though the act isn’t illegal, the act of writing and buying a book is an act of rebellion because it is theShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm And George Orwell By George Orwell1034 Words   |  5 Pagespseudonym of George Orwell, composed many novels in his lifetime that were considered both politically rebellious and socially incorrect. Working on the dream since childhood, Orwell would finally gain notoriety as an author with his 1945 novel Animal Farm, which drew on personal experiences and deeply rooted fear to satirically critique Russian communism during its expansion. Noticing the impact he made, he next took to writing the novel 1984, which similarly criticized totalitarianism by depictingRead More1984 Metropolis Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pagespower† is heavily supported by George Orwell’s 1949 novel ‘1984’ and Fritz Lang’s 1927 film ‘Metropolis’ through their intertextual connections and shared perspectives. Both texts were composed around the context of pre and post World War 2 which is clearly evident through their settings, characterisation, themes and ideas. Through Orwell’s and Fritz’s use of dystopic societies, empowerment of women and detrimental dictatorship rule it is blatant that George Orwell’s quote â€Å"The object of power isRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various med iums. The famous novel falls intoRead MoreGovernment Surveillance And Totalitarianism In George Orwells 19841593 Words   |  7 PagesThe Correlation of Government Surveillance and Totalitarianism in 1984 During the production of 1984, author George Orwell never envisioned a tangible reality housing the society he constructed. He wrote the novel as a warning, a cautious exposà © showing those what could happen if society lost its sense of humanity; housed in a painfully relevant satire of totalitarian barbarism. In his novel 1984, George Orwell addresses the issue of government surveillance through his strategic use of point of viewRead MoreLiterary Context Of Dystopian Literature1746 Words   |  7 PagesZamyatin’s We, published in 1920 or even Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, published in 1932. However, it is in George Orwell’s 1984 that a truly horrific dystopian world is portrayed. Full of torture, misery, fear and repression, Orwell manages to manipulate and distort the idea of utopia and instead creates a place in which humans have no control over their own lives. The part of 1984, which is so compelling and interesting, is the fact that the people are living in a dystopian world without evenRead MoreTotalitarianism in Orwells Mind Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesIngsoc are embodiments of everything that author George Orwell hates in government. 1984, a book written by Orwell, depicts a society called Oceania, in which unwary citizens are obedient to the Party, a totalitarian regime. Totalitarianism is defined as a political system in which a centralized government does not tolerate any form of political dissent and seeks to control many, if not all, aspects of public and private life. Another one of George Orwell’s books, Animal Farm, is an allegory about theRead MoreAnalysis Of 1984 s 1984 1317 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature and Composition Summer Project 1984 Ms. Shaw 1. 1984 The title 1984 is significant to the some of the themes throughout the novel which are developing technology, propaganda, and the ability to manipulate the truth. Developing technology is shown throughout the novel when telescreens and bombs become commonly used within society; these are examples of the technology modernizing throughout this time period. A second theme significant to the novel 1984 is propaganda led by using an exampleRead MoreTotalitarianism In George Orwells 19841028 Words   |  5 PagesTotalitarianism Used in 1984 A dystopia is a society which is characterized by misery, oppression, and unhappiness. Likewise, a totalitarian government neither allow parties to have different opinions nor freedom with a centralized government, therefore totalitarianism and dystopian societies are similar. In 1984, written by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dictator who gives the Oceanian population no personal freedoms and strictly dominates all of the country for their own selfish ways. Unlike OceaniaRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Dangers Of Power Through A Totalitarian Government1186 Words   |  5 Pages When an author writes a novel, the theme is the recurring lesson or message that is either symbolically hidden or boldly stated throughout the story. While writing 1984, George Orwell strongly displayed the theme of the dangers of power through a totalitarian government. Not only were Orwell’s ideas of corruption in an all-powerful government portrayed in his novel, 1984, but comparisons can be made with the story’s points of a spying authority, keeping the lower class ignorant, and an unscrupulousRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1045 Words   |  5 PagesAndrea Keefe Honors English 11, Period 3 VanCuran 3/27/2017 1984 Foreword The time period in which 1984 was set was in the year 1984. It was very different from what our â€Å"1984† was like. Even though this book was not based on actual historical events, it does compare to things that happen in our society today. George Orwell also known as Eric Blair was born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal. Orwell died on January 21st, 1950 in London, United

Element of Trust

Question: Discuss about theElement of Trust. Answer: Introduction: According to the case study, a situation of disbelief is rising in the teaching college of Midwest. The problem is related to the graduate associates of the organization. Chris Walker who is a tenured professor in the college had faith on his graduate associates and took their help while grading exams. On the other hand, Judi wanted to change things and proposed that rules and regulations must be developed to ensure that graduate associates will not perform any serious task. Analysis After analysis the provided case study, it can be said that the case study relates with the Howard Jackson model for systematically developing trust and respect (Ashnai et al., 2016). According to Howard Jackson respect model, trust, reliability and respect can be gained through straight talk, listening for accepting and building commitments. In the case study, Chris wanted to trust the graduate associates and wanted them to perform tasks such as grading exams. He also stated that in most of the colleges, graduate associates are allowed to teach full time courses (Braun et al., 2013). Therefore, they can be trusted. However, Judi without conducting any straight talk with the graduate employees and without realising their commitments towards the organization wanted to limit the number jobs a graduate associate can perform (Sonea et al., 2015). Howard Jackson model of respect is a useful model that can help an organization to reach to their goals. It states that it trust is kept on an employee, does not matter how skilful he is, he will learn fast will perform accordingly. In the college, Judi showed a sense of disbelief on the graduate associates even though they were performing easy tasks such as grading the exams (Elahee Minor, 2015). This clearly indicates that the organization is not following the respect model of Howard and Jackson. Besides, if professors cannot outsource some of their jobs to graduate associates, then it will be tough for them to perform other jobs that strictly demand their skill and experience. Therefore, taking help from the graduate associates is also a time efficient matter. This is the reason that in the case study Chris is not supporting the idea of Judi and is ready to consult it with the higher authorities. After the meeting he also got support from a colleague who also believes that graduate associates should be trusted. Recommendation: After analysing the case study it can be stated that Judi and most of the board members do not want graduate associates to actively participate in serious jobs in the organization. On the other hand, Chris argued that graduate associates can easily perform tasks such grading exams which are objective type. Judi wants to develop some rules and regulations in order to prevent the graduate associates from taking part into active tasks. In this situation, it is recommended that Judi first of all must not implement any rules and regulations at the first place. She should discuss the matter with Chris who has experience in this scenario. Chris has experienced several situations where he saw that graduate associates are even teaching full time courses in the colleges. That means those associates are more than capable. Therefore, the organization in the first place must implement strategies which will identify and divide graduate associates based on their capabilities. It will help the organization to figure out which graduates are capable enough to grade exams. Graduate associates must be allowed to check grade exams as those are objective and answers are available for grading. It will allow professors to perform other tasks which cannot be done by the graduate associates. After the graduate associates have performed a task, senior professors should look into it in order to identify whether the task is done properly or not. This will not only help the professors to waste lesser amount of time in extra works but also will help graduate associates to gain trust of those professors. If such policies are made by Judi where graduate associates are not allowed to perform any type of grading related job, then Chris should take this matter to higher authority. Conclusion In the end it can be said that, currently Judi is not convinced at all that graduate associates can perform several tasks. She basically has not experience and idea about their capabilities and that is why she does not want to depend on them. However, Chris has faced such situations and knows that they can perform beyond expectation. However, as graduate associates are performing more complex tasks in other colleges, it can be said that Chriss arguments are correct and higher authorities must not limit the amount of task graduates can perform. References Ashnai, B., Henneberg, S. C., Naud, P., Francescucci, A. (2016). Inter-personal and inter-organizational trust in business relationships: An attitudebehavioroutcome model.Industrial Marketing Management,52, 128-139. Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., Frey, D. (2013). Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 270-283. Elahee, M. N., Minor, M. S. (2015). Culture, ethics and international negotiations: exploring the role of trust. InProceedings of the 1999 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 101-105). Springer International Publishing. Sonea, A., Bordean, O. N., Cmpeanu-Sonea, E. (2015). Organizational Trust Model Based on Business Students Opinions.International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories,5(5), 559-565.